Grotti 3.0 Phase 1: Migrationen, Pool, Queue- und Abzug-Fixes.

Nummerierte SQL-Migrationen, psycopg-Pool, waitress, hängende Queue-Jobs,
sichere History-Abzüge, Chargen-Locks, Upload-/Host-Validierung, ProxyFix.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -4,6 +4,26 @@ Alle Änderungen an Grotti. Format nach [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelo
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+### Neu
+
+- Datenbank: nummerierte Migrationen unter `grotti/migrations/`, Connection-Pool, Indizes für Sends/Läufe/Dateien/Events, Retention für `run_samples` (90 Tage).
+- Server: waitress statt Flask-Dev-Server; Hintergrund-Threads starten erst in `server.main()`.
+
+### Geändert
+
+- Spulenabzug aus Moonraker-History: keine Rate mehr ohne Send-Eintrag; Spulen, die nach Druckende angelegt wurden, werden ignoriert.
+- Chargen-Vergabe (`S-…` / `D-…`) mit Advisory-Lock; Druck-Charge nach lokaler Tagesgrenze.
+- MCP-Steuerung: Parameter `temp`/`percent` (Alias `value` bleibt in Moonraker).
+- Upload nur `.gcode`/`.3mf`/`.gcode.3mf`; Drucker-Host validiert; `?token=` nur für Kamera/Vorschau; ProxyFix; Settings-Lock.
+
+### Behoben
+
+- Hängende Queue-Jobs (`phase=starting` ohne Worker) nach Neustart werden nach 45 s auf Fehler gesetzt.
+- Queue-Worker rollen die Transaktion bei Fehlern zurück; Exceptions werden geloggt.
+- `snapshot()` fängt alle Verbindungsfehler ab, damit ein kaputter Drucker den Watcher nicht stoppt.
+- `prepare_send` erhält die ACE-Map schon beim Einreihen in die Send-Queue.
+- Spulenwarnung im Watcher berücksichtigt ACE-Plätze.
+
 ## [2.10.0] – 2026-10-18
 
 ### Neu

grotti/anycubic_lan.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import padding
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes
 
 CRED_TTL = 300
-INFO_TTL = 10
+INFO_TTL = 45
 FAIL_TTL = 45
 _CRED_CACHE = {}
 _INFO_CACHE = {}

grotti/config.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import json
 import secrets
+import threading
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from grotti.errors import GrottiError
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
 LOOPBACK = {"127.0.0.1", "::1", "localhost"}
 CONFIG_PATH = ROOT / "config.json"
 DEFAULT_WATCH_REL = "slice"
+_SETTINGS_LOCK = threading.Lock()
 
 
 def _energy(raw):
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ def _alerts(raw):
         "fehler": bool(alerts.get("fehler", True)),
         "offline": bool(alerts.get("offline", True)),
         "queue": bool(alerts.get("queue", True)),
+        "spule": bool(alerts.get("spule", True)),
         "ablauf": bool(alerts.get("ablauf", False)),
         "start": bool(alerts.get("start", False)),
     }
@@ -196,6 +199,19 @@ def settings_public(cfg):
 
 def save_settings(cfg, energy=None, telegram=None, alerts=None, auto_queue=None, fqdn=None, watch_dir=None):
     """Schreibt Einstellungen zurück nach config.json und aktualisiert cfg."""
+    with _SETTINGS_LOCK:
+        return _save_settings_locked(
+            cfg,
+            energy=energy,
+            telegram=telegram,
+            alerts=alerts,
+            auto_queue=auto_queue,
+            fqdn=fqdn,
+            watch_dir=watch_dir,
+        )
+
+
+def _save_settings_locked(cfg, energy=None, telegram=None, alerts=None, auto_queue=None, fqdn=None, watch_dir=None):
     path = cfg.get("_path") or CONFIG_PATH
     raw = dict(cfg.get("_raw") or {})
     if path.exists():
@@ -243,6 +259,7 @@ def save_settings(cfg, energy=None, telegram=None, alerts=None, auto_queue=None,
             "fehler": bool(alerts.get("fehler", True)),
             "offline": bool(alerts.get("offline", True)),
             "queue": bool(alerts.get("queue", True)),
+            "spule": bool(alerts.get("spule", True)),
             "ablauf": bool(alerts.get("ablauf", False)),
             "start": bool(alerts.get("start", False)),
         }

grotti/db.py

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
-"""PostgreSQL-Verbindung und Schema."""
+"""PostgreSQL-Verbindung, Pool und Migrationen."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
+import threading
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from pathlib import Path
 from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse
@@ -8,22 +11,105 @@ from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse
 import psycopg
 from psycopg import sql
 from psycopg.rows import dict_row
+from psycopg_pool import ConnectionPool
 
-SCHEMA = (Path(__file__).parent / "schema.sql").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+MIGRATIONS_DIR = Path(__file__).parent / "migrations"
+SCHEMA_LEGACY = Path(__file__).parent / "schema.sql"
+
+_pool: ConnectionPool | None = None
+_pool_lock = threading.Lock()
+_user_count_cache = {"n": None, "at": 0.0}
+_USER_COUNT_TTL = 5.0
 
 
 def database_name(url):
     name = urlparse(url).path.lstrip("/")
     if not re.fullmatch(r"[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*", name or ""):
-        raise SystemExit("Der Datenbankname in database_url darf nur Buchstaben, Zahlen und Unterstrich enthalten.")
+        raise SystemExit(
+            "Der Datenbankname in database_url darf nur Buchstaben, Zahlen und Unterstrich enthalten."
+        )
     return name
 
 
-def apply_schema(conn):
+def _migration_files():
-    for statement in SCHEMA.split(";"):
+    files = sorted(MIGRATIONS_DIR.glob("*.sql"))
+    out = []
+    for path in files:
+        match = re.match(r"^(\d+)_", path.name)
+        if not match:
+            continue
+        out.append((int(match.group(1)), path))
+    return out
+
+
+def _split_statements(text):
+    """Einfache Trennung an Semikolon — Migrationen ohne Funktionen mit ; im Körper."""
+    parts = []
+    for statement in text.split(";"):
         cleaned = statement.strip()
         if cleaned:
-            conn.execute(cleaned)
+            parts.append(cleaned)
+    return parts
+
+
+def _ensure_version_table(conn):
+    conn.execute(
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS schema_version (
+            version integer PRIMARY KEY,
+            name text NOT NULL,
+            applied_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
+        )
+        """
+    )
+
+
+def _applied_versions(conn):
+    rows = conn.execute("SELECT version FROM schema_version ORDER BY version").fetchall()
+    return {int(row["version"] if isinstance(row, dict) else row[0]) for row in rows}
+
+
+def _legacy_schema_present(conn):
+    row = conn.execute(
+        """
+        SELECT 1 FROM information_schema.tables
+        WHERE table_schema = 'public' AND table_name = 'printers'
+        """
+    ).fetchone()
+    return bool(row)
+
+
+def apply_migrations(conn):
+    """Wendet fehlende Migrationen an. Bestehende Installationen ohne Version bekommen 001 gutgeschrieben."""
+    _ensure_version_table(conn)
+    applied = _applied_versions(conn)
+    migrations = _migration_files()
+    if not migrations and SCHEMA_LEGACY.exists():
+        # Fallback: altes schema.sql einmalig
+        for statement in _split_statements(SCHEMA_LEGACY.read_text(encoding="utf-8")):
+            conn.execute(statement)
+        return
+
+    if not applied and _legacy_schema_present(conn):
+        # Schema war schon da (vor Migrationssystem) → Basis als angewandt markieren.
+        base = next((m for m in migrations if m[0] == 1), None)
+        if base:
+            conn.execute(
+                "INSERT INTO schema_version (version, name) VALUES (%s, %s) ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING",
+                (1, base[1].name),
+            )
+            applied.add(1)
+
+    for version, path in migrations:
+        if version in applied:
+            continue
+        text = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        for statement in _split_statements(text):
+            conn.execute(statement)
+        conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO schema_version (version, name) VALUES (%s, %s)",
+            (version, path.name),
+        )
 
 
 def prepare(url):
@@ -31,14 +117,16 @@ def prepare(url):
     admin = urlunparse(urlparse(url)._replace(path="/postgres"))
     try:
         with psycopg.connect(admin, autocommit=True, connect_timeout=5) as conn:
-            exists = conn.execute("SELECT 1 FROM pg_database WHERE datname = %s", (name,)).fetchone()
+            exists = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT 1 FROM pg_database WHERE datname = %s", (name,)
+            ).fetchone()
             if not exists:
                 conn.execute(sql.SQL("CREATE DATABASE {}").format(sql.Identifier(name)))
-    except psycopg.Error:
+    except psycopg.Error as exc:
-        pass
+        print("Datenbank anlegen: %s" % exc, flush=True)
     try:
-        with psycopg.connect(url, connect_timeout=5) as conn:
+        with psycopg.connect(url, row_factory=dict_row, connect_timeout=5) as conn:
-            apply_schema(conn)
+            apply_migrations(conn)
             conn.commit()
     except psycopg.Error as exc:
         raise SystemExit(
@@ -50,9 +138,50 @@ def prepare(url):
         ) from exc
 
 
+def init_pool(url, min_size=2, max_size=16):
+    global _pool
+    with _pool_lock:
+        if _pool is not None:
+            return _pool
+        _pool = ConnectionPool(
+            conninfo=url,
+            min_size=min_size,
+            max_size=max_size,
+            kwargs={"row_factory": dict_row, "connect_timeout": 5},
+            open=True,
+            name="grotti",
+        )
+        return _pool
+
+
+def close_pool():
+    global _pool
+    with _pool_lock:
+        if _pool is not None:
+            _pool.close()
+            _pool = None
+
+
+def get_pool():
+    if _pool is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Datenbank-Pool ist nicht gestartet.")
+    return _pool
+
+
 @contextmanager
-def connect(url):
+def connect(url=None):
-    conn = psycopg.connect(url, row_factory=dict_row)
+    """Verbindung aus dem Pool, sonst einmalig direkt (Tests / prepare)."""
+    if _pool is not None:
+        with _pool.connection() as conn:
+            try:
+                yield conn
+            except Exception:
+                conn.rollback()
+                raise
+        return
+    if not url:
+        raise RuntimeError("Keine database_url und kein Pool.")
+    conn = psycopg.connect(url, row_factory=dict_row, connect_timeout=5)
     try:
         yield conn
     except Exception:
@@ -60,3 +189,35 @@ def connect(url):
         raise
     finally:
         conn.close()
+
+
+def cached_user_count(conn):
+    """Zählt Benutzer mit kurzem Cache — vermeidet count(*) bei jedem Request."""
+    import time
+
+    now = time.monotonic()
+    cached = _user_count_cache["n"]
+    if cached is not None and (now - _user_count_cache["at"]) < _USER_COUNT_TTL:
+        return cached
+    n = int(conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) AS n FROM users").fetchone()["n"])
+    _user_count_cache["n"] = n
+    _user_count_cache["at"] = now
+    return n
+
+
+def invalidate_user_count():
+    _user_count_cache["n"] = None
+    _user_count_cache["at"] = 0.0
+
+
+def prune_run_samples(conn, keep_days=90):
+    """Alte Temperaturproben löschen (Retention)."""
+    days = max(7, int(keep_days))
+    row = conn.execute(
+        """
+        DELETE FROM run_samples
+        WHERE sampled_at < now() - (%s || ' days')::interval
+        """,
+        (str(days),),
+    )
+    return row.rowcount if row is not None else 0

grotti/jobs.py

@@ -43,14 +43,7 @@ def _targets_from_ace(conn, host, ace):
     targets = []
     for item in ace:
         slot = int(item["ams_index"]) + 1
-        row = conn.execute(
+        row = store.spool_at_slot(conn, host, slot)
-            """
-            SELECT * FROM spools
-            WHERE printer_host = %s AND ace_slot = %s
-            ORDER BY id LIMIT 1
-            """,
-            (host, slot),
-        ).fetchone()
         if row:
             targets.append(row)
     return targets
@@ -62,12 +55,18 @@ def unix_to_dt(value):
     return datetime.fromtimestamp(float(value), timezone.utc)
 
 
-def choose_spool(conn, host, material, hinted_id):
+def choose_spool(conn, host, material, hinted_id, ended_at=None):
+    """Spule für History-Abzug. Ohne Hint nur Rollen, die vor Druckende existierten."""
     if hinted_id:
         row = store.get_spool_row(conn, hinted_id)
-        if row:
+        if row and _spool_valid_for_end(row, ended_at):
             return row
-    rows = store.spools_for_printer(conn, host)
+        if row and not _spool_valid_for_end(row, ended_at):
+            return None
+    rows = [
+        row for row in store.spools_for_printer(conn, host)
+        if _spool_valid_for_end(row, ended_at)
+    ]
     if len(rows) == 1:
         return rows[0]
     if material:
@@ -77,6 +76,24 @@ def choose_spool(conn, host, material, hinted_id):
     return None
 
 
+def _spool_valid_for_end(spool, ended_at):
+    """Verhindert Abzug alter Moonraker-Jobs auf neu eingelegte Spulen."""
+    if ended_at is None or not spool:
+        return True
+    created = spool.get("created_at")
+    if created is None:
+        return True
+    end = ended_at
+    if getattr(created, "tzinfo", None) is None and getattr(end, "tzinfo", None) is not None:
+        created = created.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    if getattr(end, "tzinfo", None) is None and getattr(created, "tzinfo", None) is not None:
+        end = end.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    try:
+        return created <= end
+    except TypeError:
+        return True
+
+
 def file_material_types(file_row):
     types = []
     for item in (file_row or {}).get("filaments") or []:
@@ -93,14 +110,7 @@ def resolve_spools_at_host(conn, host, ace_map=None):
     if mapping:
         for item in mapping:
             slot = int(item["ams_index"]) + 1
-            row = conn.execute(
+            row = store.spool_at_slot(conn, host, slot)
-                """
-                SELECT * FROM spools
-                WHERE printer_host = %s AND ace_slot = %s
-                ORDER BY id LIMIT 1
-                """,
-                (host, slot),
-            ).fetchone()
             if row:
                 found.append(row)
         return found
@@ -329,7 +339,12 @@ def sync_history(conn, cfg):
         file_id = (sent or {}).get("file_id") or (known or {}).get("id")
         project_id = (sent or {}).get("project_id") or (known or {}).get("project_id")
         hinted = (sent or {}).get("spool_id") or (known or {}).get("spool_id")
-        spool = choose_spool(conn, printer["host"], material, hinted)
+        ended_at = unix_to_dt(job.get("end_time"))
+        # Ohne Send-Eintrag keine Rate — sonst zieht eine neue Spule alle alten Jobs ab.
+        if not sent and not hinted:
+            spool = None
+        else:
+            spool = choose_spool(conn, printer["host"], material, hinted, ended_at=ended_at)
         terminal = state in TERMINAL
         live = store.find_live_run(conn, printer["host"], filename)
         progress = float((live or {}).get("progress_last") or 0)
@@ -503,7 +518,7 @@ def send_file(
     progress("pruefen", 15, "Drucker prüfen…")
     try:
         live = moonraker.query(host)
-    except (urllib.error.URLError, TimeoutError, json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError) as exc:
+    except (urllib.error.URLError, TimeoutError, json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError, OSError, ValueError) as exc:
         raise GrottiError("Der Drucker ist nicht erreichbar.", "offline") from exc
     if live.get("state") in ("printing", "paused"):
         raise GrottiError("Der Drucker druckt schon.", "belegt", 409)

grotti/library.py

@@ -100,7 +100,10 @@ def refresh_file_meta(conn, force=False):
 
 def safe_filename(name):
     base = Path(name).name.replace("\\", "_").replace("/", "_").replace('"', "")
-    return base or "datei.gcode"
+    base = base.strip().strip(".")
+    if not base or base in (".", ".."):
+        return "datei.gcode"
+    return base
 
 
 def unique_path(directory, filename):

grotti/mcp_server.py

@@ -220,11 +220,11 @@ def main():
         out = []
         if nozzle is not None:
             out.append(_api("POST", "/drucker/%s/steuern" % urllib.parse.quote(host), {
-                "action": "nozzle", "value": nozzle,
+                "action": "nozzle", "temp": nozzle,
             }))
         if bed is not None:
             out.append(_api("POST", "/drucker/%s/steuern" % urllib.parse.quote(host), {
-                "action": "bed", "value": bed,
+                "action": "bed", "temp": bed,
             }))
         if not out:
             raise RuntimeError("nozzle und/oder bed angeben.")
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ def main():
         _write_guard()
         return json.dumps(
             _api("POST", "/drucker/%s/steuern" % urllib.parse.quote(host), {
-                "action": "speed", "value": speed,
+                "action": "speed", "percent": speed,
             }),
             ensure_ascii=False,
         )
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ def main():
         _write_guard()
         return json.dumps(
             _api("POST", "/drucker/%s/steuern" % urllib.parse.quote(host), {
-                "action": "fan", "value": fan,
+                "action": "fan", "percent": fan,
             }),
             ensure_ascii=False,
         )

grotti/migrations/001_base.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS projects (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    name text NOT NULL,
+    notes text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    status text NOT NULL DEFAULT 'idee',
+    quote jsonb NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb,
+    created_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS spools (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    name text NOT NULL,
+    brand text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    material_type text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    color text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    price_per_kg double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    density double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 1.24,
+    volumetric double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 12,
+    remaining_g double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 1000,
+    printer_host text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    created_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS files (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    project_id bigint REFERENCES projects (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    spool_id bigint REFERENCES spools (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    name text NOT NULL,
+    stored_path text NOT NULL,
+    source text NOT NULL,
+    kind text NOT NULL,
+    printer_family text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    filaments jsonb NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]'::jsonb,
+    weight_g double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    estimated_s double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    thumb_entry text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    plate text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    size_bytes bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    mtime double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    created_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    UNIQUE (source, stored_path)
+);
+
+ALTER TABLE files ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS slice_meta jsonb NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sends (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    printer_host text NOT NULL,
+    filename text NOT NULL,
+    file_id bigint REFERENCES files (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    project_id bigint REFERENCES projects (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    spool_id bigint REFERENCES spools (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    created_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
+);
+
+ALTER TABLE sends ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS ace_map jsonb NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]'::jsonb;
+ALTER TABLE sends ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS bed_leveling boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT false;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS runs (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    printer_host text NOT NULL,
+    printer_name text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    filename text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    file_id bigint REFERENCES files (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    project_id bigint REFERENCES projects (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    spool_id bigint REFERENCES spools (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    state text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    started_at timestamptz,
+    ended_at timestamptz,
+    duration_s double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    weight_g double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    filament_cost double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    energy_cost double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    moonraker_job_id text NOT NULL,
+    deducted boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+    needs_spool boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+    verdict text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    material_type text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    UNIQUE (printer_host, moonraker_job_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS files_project ON files (project_id);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS runs_started ON runs (started_at DESC);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS printers (
+    id uuid PRIMARY KEY,
+    name text NOT NULL,
+    host text NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    family text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    created_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
+);
+
+ALTER TABLE printers ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS locked boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT false;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ideas (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    title text NOT NULL,
+    body text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    status text NOT NULL DEFAULT 'offen',
+    created_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS materials (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    name text NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    brand text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    material_type text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    density double precision NOT NULL,
+    volumetric double precision NOT NULL,
+    volumetric_s1 double precision,
+    machines text NOT NULL DEFAULT 'beide',
+    price_per_kg double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    note text NOT NULL DEFAULT ''
+);
+
+ALTER TABLE spools ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS colors jsonb NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]'::jsonb;
+ALTER TABLE spools ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS ace_slot smallint;
+ALTER TABLE spools ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS material_id bigint REFERENCES materials (id) ON DELETE SET NULL;
+ALTER TABLE spools ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS chargen_nr text;
+ALTER TABLE spools ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS hersteller_charge text NOT NULL DEFAULT '';
+ALTER TABLE spools ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS code text;
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS spools_chargen_nr ON spools (chargen_nr) WHERE chargen_nr IS NOT NULL AND chargen_nr <> '';
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS spools_code ON spools (code) WHERE code IS NOT NULL AND code <> '';
+-- Ein ACE-Platz gehört höchstens einer Spule.
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS spools_host_slot
+    ON spools (printer_host, ace_slot)
+    WHERE printer_host <> '' AND ace_slot IS NOT NULL;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS events (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    host text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    printer text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    kind text NOT NULL,
+    message text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    filename text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    created_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    read_at timestamptz
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS events_unread ON events (read_at, created_at DESC);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS print_queue (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    file_id bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES files (id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    host text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    family text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    priority integer NOT NULL DEFAULT 100,
+    status text NOT NULL DEFAULT 'waiting',
+    spool_id bigint REFERENCES spools (id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    ace_map jsonb NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]'::jsonb,
+    bed_leveling boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+    override_machine boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+    message text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    steps jsonb NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]'::jsonb,
+    step_index integer NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    repeat_total integer NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+    repeat_done integer NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    phase text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    phase_started_at timestamptz,
+    created_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    updated_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
+);
+
+ALTER TABLE print_queue ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS steps jsonb NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]'::jsonb;
+ALTER TABLE print_queue ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS step_index integer NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE print_queue ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS repeat_total integer NOT NULL DEFAULT 1;
+ALTER TABLE print_queue ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS repeat_done integer NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE print_queue ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS phase text NOT NULL DEFAULT '';
+ALTER TABLE print_queue ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS phase_started_at timestamptz;
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS print_queue_waiting ON print_queue (status, priority, id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS print_queue_running_host ON print_queue (host, status) WHERE status = 'running';
+
+-- Nach dem Druck: Platte manuell quittieren, bevor „wenn frei“ den nächsten Job startet.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS bed_status (
+    host text PRIMARY KEY,
+    needs_clear boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+    cleared_at timestamptz,
+    message text NOT NULL DEFAULT ''
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    username text NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    password_hash text NOT NULL,
+    role text NOT NULL DEFAULT 'operator',
+    active boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT true,
+    created_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    last_login timestamptz
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS api_tokens (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_id bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES users (id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    name text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    token_hash text NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    token_prefix text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    role text NOT NULL DEFAULT 'operator',
+    created_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    last_used timestamptz,
+    revoked_at timestamptz,
+    expires_at timestamptz
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS api_tokens_user ON api_tokens (user_id) WHERE revoked_at IS NULL;
+
+-- OIDC später: Identitäten an lokale User binden.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS oauth_identities (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_id bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES users (id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    provider text NOT NULL,
+    subject text NOT NULL,
+    created_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    UNIQUE (provider, subject)
+);
+
+-- Druckbericht: Soll/Ist, Charge, Live-Fortschritt
+ALTER TABLE runs ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS weight_planned_g double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE runs ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS weight_used_g double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE runs ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS weight_source text NOT NULL DEFAULT '';
+ALTER TABLE runs ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS filament_used_mm double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE runs ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS filament_total_mm double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE runs ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS progress_last double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE runs ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS estimated_s double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE runs ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS chargen_nr text;
+ALTER TABLE runs ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS message text NOT NULL DEFAULT '';
+ALTER TABLE runs ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS objects jsonb NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]'::jsonb;
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS runs_chargen_nr
+    ON runs (chargen_nr) WHERE chargen_nr IS NOT NULL AND chargen_nr <> '';
+
+ALTER TABLE events ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS run_id bigint REFERENCES runs (id) ON DELETE SET NULL;
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS events_run ON events (run_id) WHERE run_id IS NOT NULL;
+
+-- Abzug je Spule (Messwert oder Schätzwert)
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS run_spools (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    run_id bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES runs (id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    spool_id bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES spools (id) ON DELETE RESTRICT,
+    ace_slot smallint,
+    weight_g double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    weight_planned_g double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    cost double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    is_estimate boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+    UNIQUE (run_id, spool_id, ace_slot)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS run_spools_spool ON run_spools (spool_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS run_spools_run ON run_spools (run_id);
+
+-- Abschnitte bei Rollenwechsel mitten im Druck
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS run_segments (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    run_id bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES runs (id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    spool_id bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES spools (id) ON DELETE RESTRICT,
+    ace_slot smallint,
+    mm_start double precision NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    mm_end double precision,
+    created_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    closed_at timestamptz
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS run_segments_run ON run_segments (run_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS run_segments_open
+    ON run_segments (run_id) WHERE mm_end IS NULL;
+
+-- Temperatur / Fortschritt während des Drucks
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS run_samples (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    run_id bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES runs (id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    sampled_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    nozzle double precision,
+    nozzle_target double precision,
+    bed double precision,
+    bed_target double precision,
+    chamber double precision,
+    fan double precision,
+    speed_factor double precision,
+    extrude_factor double precision,
+    layer integer,
+    progress double precision,
+    filament_used_mm double precision,
+    mmu_tool smallint,
+    nozzle_power double precision,
+    bed_power double precision
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS run_samples_run_time ON run_samples (run_id, sampled_at);
+
+ALTER TABLE run_samples ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS nozzle_power double precision;
+ALTER TABLE run_samples ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS bed_power double precision;
+
+-- Objekt-Chargen für Etiketten
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS run_labels (
+    id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    run_id bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES runs (id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    object_name text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    chargen_nr text NOT NULL,
+    excluded boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+    UNIQUE (run_id, object_name)
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS run_labels_chargen ON run_labels (chargen_nr);

grotti/migrations/002_indexes.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+-- Heiße Abfragepfade für Sends, Läufe, Dateien und Ereignisse.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS sends_host_filename ON sends (printer_host, filename);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS sends_host_file ON sends (printer_host, file_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS runs_host_state ON runs (printer_host, state);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS files_name ON files (name);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS events_host_kind_created ON events (host, kind, created_at DESC);

grotti/moonraker.py

@@ -17,6 +17,16 @@ SLOT_CACHE = {}
 MESH_CACHE = {}
 OBJECT_CACHE = {}
 THUMB_RE_LIMIT = 180_000
+_CACHE_MAX = 128
+
+
+def _trim_cache(cache, max_items=_CACHE_MAX):
+    """Einfache Größenbegrenzung (älteste Keys zuerst bei dict-Reihenfolge)."""
+    while len(cache) > max_items:
+        try:
+            cache.pop(next(iter(cache)))
+        except StopIteration:
+            break
 
 
 def matrix_rows(points):
@@ -343,6 +353,11 @@ def steuern(host, action, params=None):
     """Whitelist-Steuerung ohne freie Konsole."""
     params = params if isinstance(params, dict) else {}
     action = (action or "").strip()
+    # MCP und ältere Clients schicken "value" statt temp/percent.
+    if "temp" not in params and params.get("value") is not None and action in ("nozzle", "bed", "dryer_start"):
+        params = {**params, "temp": params["value"]}
+    if "percent" not in params and params.get("value") is not None and action in ("speed", "flow", "fan"):
+        params = {**params, "percent": params["value"]}
 
     def pct(key, default=100, lo=0, hi=200):
         try:
@@ -492,6 +507,7 @@ def metadata(host, path):
     except (urllib.error.URLError, TimeoutError, json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError):
         data = {}
     META_CACHE[key] = (now, data)
+    _trim_cache(META_CACHE)
     return data
 
 
@@ -518,9 +534,11 @@ def embedded_preview(host, path):
             text = response.read().decode("utf-8", "replace")
     except (urllib.error.URLError, TimeoutError):
         EMBEDDED[key] = None
+        _trim_cache(EMBEDDED)
         return None
     png = embedded_png(text)
     EMBEDDED[key] = png
+    _trim_cache(EMBEDDED)
     return png
 
 
@@ -1117,7 +1135,9 @@ def snapshot(printers):
         }
         try:
             card.update(query(printer["host"]))
-        except (urllib.error.URLError, TimeoutError, json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError) as error:
+        except Exception as error:
+            # Auch RemoteDisconnected / IncompleteRead / ValueError — sonst fällt der ganze Tick aus.
+            print("snapshot %s: %s" % (printer.get("host"), error), flush=True)
             card.update({
                 "ok": False,
                 "state": "offline",

grotti/print_queue.py

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ BUSY = {"printing", "paused", "heating", "error"}
 KEEPALIVE_S = 120
 # Nach Start ohne print_active: Upload/MQTT/LeviQ brauchen Zeit, aber nicht ewig
 PRINT_START_TIMEOUT_S = 600
+# Einfacher Queue-Start ohne Worker (typisch Grotti-Neustart)
+SIMPLE_START_STUCK_S = 45
 
 
 def _ablauf_needs_motors(item):
@@ -120,6 +122,41 @@ class PrintQueueDispatcher:
             thread = self._workers.get(item_id)
             return bool(thread and thread.is_alive())
 
+    def _item_phase_age_s(self, item):
+        """Alter von phase_started_at, sonst updated_at (für hängende Starts nach Neustart)."""
+        started = item.get("phase_started_at")
+        if started:
+            if getattr(started, "tzinfo", None) is None:
+                started = started.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+            return (datetime.now(timezone.utc) - started).total_seconds()
+        updated = item.get("updated_at")
+        if updated:
+            if getattr(updated, "tzinfo", None) is None:
+                updated = updated.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+            return (datetime.now(timezone.utc) - updated).total_seconds()
+        return 0
+
+    def _fail_stuck_simple_start(self, conn, item, printer):
+        host = printer["host"]
+        store.update_print_queue(
+            conn,
+            item["id"],
+            {
+                "status": "error",
+                "message": "Start abgebrochen (Neustart)",
+                "phase": "",
+                "phase_started_at": None,
+            },
+        )
+        self._event(
+            conn,
+            host,
+            printer["name"],
+            "queue",
+            "%s: Start abgebrochen (Neustart)" % printer["name"],
+            item.get("filename") or "",
+        )
+
     def _spawn_worker(self, item_id, target, *args):
         with self._worker_lock:
             existing = self._workers.get(item_id)
@@ -129,6 +166,8 @@ class PrintQueueDispatcher:
             def run():
                 try:
                     target(*args)
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    print("Queue-Worker %s: %s" % (item_id, exc), flush=True)
                 finally:
                     with self._worker_lock:
                         self._workers.pop(item_id, None)
@@ -190,7 +229,16 @@ class PrintQueueDispatcher:
                     continue
                 if state not in FREE:
                     continue
-                if store.running_print_on_host(conn, host):
+                running = store.running_print_on_host(conn, host)
+                if running:
+                    if (
+                        not _has_ablauf(running)
+                        and (running.get("phase") or "").lower() == "starting"
+                        and not self._worker_busy(running["id"])
+                        and self._item_phase_age_s(running) > SIMPLE_START_STUCK_S
+                    ):
+                        self._fail_stuck_simple_start(conn, running, printer)
+                        conn.commit()
                     continue
                 if store.bed_needs_clear(conn, host):
                     continue
@@ -276,6 +324,7 @@ class PrintQueueDispatcher:
                     )
                     wconn.commit()
                 except GrottiError as exc:
+                    wconn.rollback()
                     store.update_print_queue(
                         wconn,
                         item_id,
@@ -291,6 +340,7 @@ class PrintQueueDispatcher:
                     )
                     wconn.commit()
                 except Exception as exc:
+                    wconn.rollback()
                     store.update_print_queue(
                         wconn,
                         item_id,
@@ -684,10 +734,12 @@ class PrintQueueDispatcher:
                     self._step_event(wconn, row, printer_copy, "druckt %s" % name)
                     wconn.commit()
                 except GrottiError as exc:
+                    wconn.rollback()
                     row = store.get_print_queue_row(wconn, item_id) or item
                     self._fail_ablauf(wconn, row, printer_copy, exc.message)
                     wconn.commit()
                 except Exception as exc:
+                    wconn.rollback()
                     row = store.get_print_queue_row(wconn, item_id) or item
                     self._fail_ablauf(wconn, row, printer_copy, str(exc) or "Druckstart fehlgeschlagen.")
                     wconn.commit()
@@ -742,6 +794,7 @@ class PrintQueueDispatcher:
         return state
 
     def _start_cool_step(self, conn, item, printer, step):
+        # TODO: _try_cool_park (bis 60 s G-code) blockiert tick() — ggf. in Worker auslagern.
         host = printer["host"]
         cool = eject.normalize_cool(step)
         try:
@@ -908,14 +961,17 @@ class PrintQueueDispatcher:
                     self._next_step(wconn, row, printer_copy, {"state": "standby", "ok": True})
                     wconn.commit()
                 except GrottiError as exc:
+                    wconn.rollback()
                     row = store.get_print_queue_row(wconn, item_id) or item
                     self._fail_ablauf(wconn, row, printer_copy, exc.message)
                     wconn.commit()
                 except moonraker.PrinterError as exc:
+                    wconn.rollback()
                     row = store.get_print_queue_row(wconn, item_id) or item
                     self._fail_ablauf(wconn, row, printer_copy, eject.explain_printer_error(exc.message))
                     wconn.commit()
                 except Exception as exc:
+                    wconn.rollback()
                     row = store.get_print_queue_row(wconn, item_id) or item
                     self._fail_ablauf(wconn, row, printer_copy, "Schieben: %s" % exc)
                     wconn.commit()
@@ -1013,14 +1069,17 @@ class PrintQueueDispatcher:
                     self._next_step(wconn, row, printer_copy, {"state": "standby", "ok": True})
                     wconn.commit()
                 except GrottiError as exc:
+                    wconn.rollback()
                     row = store.get_print_queue_row(wconn, item_id) or item
                     self._fail_ablauf(wconn, row, printer_copy, exc.message)
                     wconn.commit()
                 except moonraker.PrinterError as exc:
+                    wconn.rollback()
                     row = store.get_print_queue_row(wconn, item_id) or item
                     self._fail_ablauf(wconn, row, printer_copy, eject.explain_printer_error(exc.message))
                     wconn.commit()
                 except Exception as exc:
+                    wconn.rollback()
                     row = store.get_print_queue_row(wconn, item_id) or item
                     self._fail_ablauf(wconn, row, printer_copy, "Tasten: %s" % exc)
                     wconn.commit()

grotti/schema.sql

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+-- Referenz-Schema. Laufende Migrationen liegen in grotti/migrations/*.sql
+-- (001_base.sql entspricht diesem Stand, danach nummerierte Änderungen).
+
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS projects (
     id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
     name text NOT NULL,

grotti/send_queue.py

@@ -17,12 +17,19 @@ class SendQueue:
     def __init__(self, database_url, cfg, workers=4):
         self.database_url = database_url
         self.cfg = cfg
+        self._workers_n = max(1, int(workers))
         self._lock = threading.Lock()
         self._pending = Queue()
         self._jobs = {}
         self._order = deque(maxlen=60)
         self._threads = []
-        for index in range(max(1, int(workers))):
+        self._stop = threading.Event()
+
+    def start(self):
+        if self._threads:
+            return
+        self._stop.clear()
+        for index in range(self._workers_n):
             thread = threading.Thread(
                 target=self._worker,
                 name="grotti-send-queue-%s" % (index + 1),
@@ -31,6 +38,14 @@ class SendQueue:
             thread.start()
             self._threads.append(thread)
 
+    def stop(self):
+        self._stop.set()
+        for _ in self._threads:
+            try:
+                self._pending.put_nowait(None)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
     def enqueue(
         self,
         conn,
@@ -82,9 +97,14 @@ class SendQueue:
         want_level = bool(bed_leveling)
         created = []
         for host in unique:
-            printer, row, chosen = jobs.prepare_send(conn, file_id, host, True, override, spool_id)
+            # Mapping zuerst, damit Materialprüfung die ACE-Spulen sieht.
+            mapping = ace_maps.get(host) or []
+            printer, row, chosen = jobs.prepare_send(
+                conn, file_id, host, True, override, spool_id, ace_map=mapping
+            )
+            if not mapping:
+                mapping = ace_maps.get(printer["name"]) or []
             job_id = uuid.uuid4().hex[:12]
-            mapping = ace_maps.get(host) or ace_maps.get(printer["name"]) or []
             job = {
                 "id": job_id,
                 "status": "pending",
@@ -143,11 +163,13 @@ class SendQueue:
             job["updated_at"] = time.time()
 
     def _worker(self):
-        while True:
+        while not self._stop.is_set():
             try:
                 item = self._pending.get(timeout=1)
             except Empty:
                 continue
+            if item is None:
+                break
             self._run(item)
 
     def _run(self, item):

grotti/store.py

@@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ def spool_out(row):
 
 def next_chargen(conn):
     prefix = "S-%s-" % date.today().strftime("%Y%m%d")
+    # Advisory-Lock gegen Doppelvergabe bei parallelen Worker/Requests.
+    conn.execute("SELECT pg_advisory_xact_lock(%s)", (870011,))
     row = conn.execute(
         """
         SELECT chargen_nr FROM spools
@@ -544,6 +546,28 @@ def seed_materials(conn):
 
 
 def delete_spool(conn, spool_id):
+    used = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT 1 FROM run_spools WHERE spool_id = %s LIMIT 1",
+        (spool_id,),
+    ).fetchone()
+    if used:
+        from grotti.errors import GrottiError
+        raise GrottiError(
+            "Die Spule hat Läufe — erst archivieren oder behalten.",
+            "spule",
+            409,
+        )
+    seg = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT 1 FROM run_segments WHERE spool_id = %s LIMIT 1",
+        (spool_id,),
+    ).fetchone()
+    if seg:
+        from grotti.errors import GrottiError
+        raise GrottiError(
+            "Die Spule steckt in Abschnitten — nicht löschen.",
+            "spule",
+            409,
+        )
     row = conn.execute("DELETE FROM spools WHERE id = %s RETURNING id", (spool_id,)).fetchone()
     return bool(row)
 
@@ -555,6 +579,20 @@ def spools_for_printer(conn, host):
     ).fetchall()
 
 
+def spool_at_slot(conn, host, slot):
+    """Eine Spule an Host + ACE-Platz (1-basiert) oder None."""
+    if not host or slot is None:
+        return None
+    return conn.execute(
+        """
+        SELECT * FROM spools
+        WHERE printer_host = %s AND ace_slot = %s
+        ORDER BY id LIMIT 1
+        """,
+        (host, int(slot)),
+    ).fetchone()
+
+
 def file_by_name(conn, filename):
     base = (filename or "").replace("\\", "/").rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
     if not base:
@@ -871,10 +909,11 @@ def assign_run_spool(conn, run_id, spool_id):
 
 def next_druck_chargen(conn):
     """Nächste Druck-Charge des Tages. Objekt-Etiketten (`D-…-01`) blockieren die Nummer."""
-    day = datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime("%Y%m%d")
+    day = date.today().strftime("%Y%m%d")
     prefix = "D-%s-" % day
     batch_re = "^D-%s-[0-9]{4}$" % day
     object_re = "^D-%s-[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}$" % day
+    conn.execute("SELECT pg_advisory_xact_lock(%s)", (870012,))
     row = conn.execute(
         """
         SELECT n FROM (
@@ -2531,7 +2570,8 @@ def ensure_bed_after_print(conn, host, ended_at=None, message=""):
 
 
 def user_count(conn):
-    return int(conn.execute("SELECT count(*) AS n FROM users").fetchone()["n"])
+    from grotti.db import cached_user_count
+    return cached_user_count(conn)
 
 
 def list_users(conn):

grotti/watcher.py

@@ -362,22 +362,29 @@ class StateWatcher:
         if need <= 0 or not filename:
             return False
         sent = store.latest_send(conn, host, filename)
-        spool_id = (sent or {}).get("spool_id")
+        ace = (sent or {}).get("ace_map") or []
-        if not spool_id:
+        from grotti import jobs as grotti_jobs
+
+        at_host = grotti_jobs.resolve_spools_at_host(conn, host, ace)
+        if not at_host:
+            spool_id = (sent or {}).get("spool_id")
+            if spool_id:
+                row = store.get_spool_row(conn, spool_id)
+                if row:
+                    at_host = [row]
+        if not at_host:
             return False
-        spool = store.get_spool_row(conn, spool_id)
+        left = sum(float(s.get("remaining_g") or 0) for s in at_host)
-        if not spool:
-            return False
-        left = float(spool["remaining_g"] or 0)
         if left + 0.5 >= need:
             return False
+        label = " / ".join(s.get("name") or "?" for s in at_host[:3])
         self._emit(
             conn,
             host,
             name,
             "spule",
-            "%s: Spule „%s“ hat nur %.0f g, Druck braucht %.0f g."
+            "%s: %s hat nur %.0f g, Druck braucht %.0f g."
-            % (name, spool["name"], left, need),
+            % (name, label, left, need),
             filename,
         )
         return True

server.py

@@ -1,19 +1,26 @@
 """Grotti starten. Kern und Seiten liegen daneben."""
 
+import atexit
+import signal
 import threading
+import time
 
-from grotti import jobs, library, store
+from waitress import serve
+
+from grotti import db, jobs, library, store
 from grotti.config import load
-from grotti.db import connect, prepare
 from web.app import create_app
 
 
 def background(cfg):
     def work():
         try:
-            with connect(cfg["database_url"]) as conn:
+            with db.connect(cfg["database_url"]) as conn:
                 library.sync_watch(conn, cfg, force=False)
                 jobs.sync_history(conn, cfg)
+                deleted = db.prune_run_samples(conn, keep_days=90)
+                if deleted:
+                    print("Proben gelöscht: %s" % deleted, flush=True)
                 conn.commit()
         except Exception as exc:
             print("Abgleich: %s" % exc, flush=True)
@@ -21,19 +28,79 @@ def background(cfg):
     threading.Thread(target=work, name="grotti-abgleich", daemon=True).start()
 
 
+def _retention_loop(cfg, stop_event):
+    """Nächtlich alte run_samples entfernen."""
+    while not stop_event.wait(3600):
+        hour = time.localtime().tm_hour
+        if hour != 3:
+            continue
+        try:
+            with db.connect(cfg["database_url"]) as conn:
+                n = db.prune_run_samples(conn, keep_days=90)
+                conn.commit()
+                if n:
+                    print("Retention: %s Proben gelöscht." % n, flush=True)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            print("Retention: %s" % exc, flush=True)
+        stop_event.wait(3600)
+
+
 def main():
     cfg = load()
     cfg["data_dir"].mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
     (cfg["data_dir"] / "eingang").mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-    prepare(cfg["database_url"])
+    db.prepare(cfg["database_url"])
-    with connect(cfg["database_url"]) as conn:
+    db.init_pool(cfg["database_url"], min_size=2, max_size=16)
+    with db.connect(cfg["database_url"]) as conn:
         store.seed_printers(conn, cfg["printers_file"])
         store.seed_materials(conn)
         conn.commit()
+
     app = create_app(cfg)
+    watcher = app.extensions["watcher"]
+    dispatcher = app.extensions["print_queue"]
+    send_queue = app.extensions["send_queue"]
+    watcher.start()
+    dispatcher.start()
+    if hasattr(send_queue, "start"):
+        send_queue.start()
+
+    stop_event = threading.Event()
+    retention = threading.Thread(
+        target=_retention_loop,
+        args=(cfg, stop_event),
+        name="grotti-retention",
+        daemon=True,
+    )
+    retention.start()
     background(cfg)
+
+    def shutdown(*_args):
+        stop_event.set()
+        try:
+            watcher.stop()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        try:
+            dispatcher.stop()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        try:
+            if hasattr(send_queue, "stop"):
+                send_queue.stop()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        db.close_pool()
+
+    atexit.register(shutdown)
+    for sig in (signal.SIGINT, signal.SIGTERM):
+        try:
+            signal.signal(sig, lambda *_: shutdown())
+        except (ValueError, OSError):
+            pass
+
     print("Grotti: http://%s:%s/" % (cfg["host"], cfg["port"]), flush=True)
-    app.run(host=cfg["host"], port=cfg["port"], threaded=True, use_reloader=False)
+    serve(app, host=cfg["host"], port=cfg["port"], threads=16, channel_timeout=120)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/test_jobs_spool.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+"""Unit-Tests für Spulenwahl und Steuer-Parameter-Aliase."""
+
+import unittest
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+from grotti import jobs
+from grotti import moonraker
+
+
+class ChooseSpoolTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_rejects_spool_created_after_print_end(self):
+        end = datetime(2026, 10, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        old = {
+            "id": 1,
+            "material_type": "PLA",
+            "created_at": end - timedelta(days=2),
+        }
+        new = {
+            "id": 2,
+            "material_type": "PLA",
+            "created_at": end + timedelta(hours=1),
+        }
+        conn = MagicMock()
+        with patch("grotti.jobs.store.spools_for_printer", return_value=[new]):
+            with patch("grotti.jobs.store.get_spool_row", return_value=new):
+                self.assertIsNone(jobs.choose_spool(conn, "h", "PLA", 2, ended_at=end))
+        with patch("grotti.jobs.store.spools_for_printer", return_value=[old]):
+            self.assertEqual(jobs.choose_spool(conn, "h", "PLA", None, ended_at=end)["id"], 1)
+
+    def test_spool_valid_for_end_naive(self):
+        end = datetime(2026, 10, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        spool = {"created_at": datetime(2026, 9, 1, 12, 0)}
+        self.assertTrue(jobs._spool_valid_for_end(spool, end))
+
+
+class SteuernAliasTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    @patch("grotti.moonraker.gcode_script", return_value={"ok": True})
+    def test_value_alias_for_temp(self, gcode):
+        moonraker.steuern("10.0.0.1", "nozzle", {"value": 210})
+        script = gcode.call_args[0][1]
+        self.assertIn("TARGET=210.0", script)
+
+    @patch("grotti.moonraker.gcode_script", return_value={"ok": True})
+    def test_percent_alias_for_speed(self, gcode):
+        moonraker.steuern("10.0.0.1", "speed", {"value": 120})
+        script = gcode.call_args[0][1]
+        self.assertIn("M220 S120", script)
+
+
+class HostValidationTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_validate_printer_host(self):
+        from web.app import validate_printer_host
+        from grotti.errors import GrottiError
+
+        self.assertEqual(validate_printer_host("10.10.1.60"), "10.10.1.60")
+        self.assertEqual(validate_printer_host("kobra.local:80"), "kobra.local:80")
+        with self.assertRaises(GrottiError):
+            validate_printer_host("http://evil")
+        with self.assertRaises(GrottiError):
+            validate_printer_host("../etc/passwd")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

tests/test_library_safe.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"""Pfad- und Dateiname-Grenzen."""
+
+import unittest
+
+from grotti import library
+from grotti.errors import GrottiError
+
+
+class SafeFilenameTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_rejects_dotdot(self):
+        self.assertEqual(library.safe_filename(".."), "datei.gcode")
+        self.assertEqual(library.safe_filename("../x.gcode"), "x.gcode")
+
+    def test_normalize_folder_blocks_escape(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(GrottiError):
+            library.normalize_folder("../secret")
+        self.assertEqual(library.normalize_folder("Gridfinity/A"), "Gridfinity/A")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

web/app.py

@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ import psycopg
 from flask import Flask, abort, g, jsonify, redirect, render_template, request, session, url_for
 from markupsafe import Markup
 from psycopg.rows import dict_row
+from werkzeug.middleware.proxy_fix import ProxyFix
 
 from grotti import auth as grotti_auth
 from grotti import config as grotti_config
+from grotti import db as grotti_db
 from grotti import eject, jobs, library, moonraker, notify, store
 from grotti.catalog import color_catalog
 from grotti.cost import calculate
@@ -35,12 +37,30 @@ PROJECT_STATUS = {"idee", "bereit", "druckt", "fertig"}
 VERDICTS = {"", "gut", "ausschuss"}
 IDEA_STATUS = {"offen", "spaeter", "erledigt"}
 PRINTER_FAMILIES = set(FAMILY_LABELS) | {""}
+UPLOAD_SUFFIXES = (".gcode", ".3mf", ".gcode.3mf")
+HOST_RE = re.compile(r"^[A-Za-z0-9.\-]+(?::\d{1,5})?$")
+TOKEN_QUERY_PATHS = (
+    "/api/v1/kamera",
+    "/api/v1/vorschau",
+)
 STEER_ACTIONS = {
     "nozzle", "bed", "speed", "flow", "fan", "emergency_stop", "clear_error",
     "exclude_object", "dryer_start", "dryer_stop", "slot_setzen",
 }
 
 
+def validate_printer_host(host):
+    host = (host or "").strip()
+    if not host or not HOST_RE.fullmatch(host):
+        raise GrottiError(
+            "Host nur als Hostname oder IP, optional mit Port (z. B. 10.10.1.60).",
+            "host",
+        )
+    if ".." in host:
+        raise GrottiError("Ungültiger Host.", "host")
+    return host
+
+
 def create_app(cfg):
     app = Flask(
         __name__,
@@ -56,13 +76,14 @@ def create_app(cfg):
     if cfg.get("fqdn", "").startswith("https://"):
         app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE"] = True
     app.json.ensure_ascii = False
+    # Hinter Reverse Proxy: X-Forwarded-For für Rate-Limits.
+    app.wsgi_app = ProxyFix(app.wsgi_app, x_for=1, x_proto=1, x_host=1)
+    # Threads starten in server.main() — Tests können create_app ohne Netz/DB-Worker nutzen.
     app.extensions["send_queue"] = SendQueue(cfg["database_url"], cfg)
     watcher = StateWatcher(cfg["database_url"], cfg)
     dispatcher = PrintQueueDispatcher(cfg["database_url"], cfg, watcher=watcher)
     app.extensions["print_queue"] = dispatcher
     app.extensions["watcher"] = watcher
-    watcher.start()
-    dispatcher.start()
 
     PUBLIC_PATHS = {
         "/login",
@@ -86,7 +107,13 @@ def create_app(cfg):
 
     def conn():
         if "db" not in g:
-            g.db = psycopg.connect(cfg["database_url"], row_factory=dict_row)
+            try:
+                pool = grotti_db.get_pool()
+                g.db = pool.getconn()
+                g.db_from_pool = True
+            except RuntimeError:
+                g.db = psycopg.connect(cfg["database_url"], row_factory=dict_row)
+                g.db_from_pool = False
         return g.db
 
     def ensure_csrf():
@@ -176,7 +203,11 @@ def create_app(cfg):
         header = request.headers.get("Authorization", "")
         if header.startswith("Bearer "):
             presented = header[7:].strip()
-        elif request.method == "GET" and request.path.startswith("/api/"):
+        elif (
+            request.method == "GET"
+            and any(request.path.startswith(p) for p in TOKEN_QUERY_PATHS)
+        ):
+            # Token in der URL nur für Bild-Endpunkte (img-src ohne Header).
             presented = (request.args.get("token") or "").strip()
 
         user = None
@@ -233,24 +264,60 @@ def create_app(cfg):
 
     @app.teardown_appcontext
     def close_db(exc):
-        conn = g.pop("db", None)
+        db_conn = g.pop("db", None)
-        if not conn:
+        from_pool = g.pop("db_from_pool", False)
+        if not db_conn:
             return
         try:
             if exc:
-                conn.rollback()
+                db_conn.rollback()
             else:
-                conn.commit()
+                db_conn.commit()
+        except Exception:
+            try:
+                db_conn.rollback()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
         finally:
-            conn.close()
+            if from_pool:
+                try:
+                    grotti_db.get_pool().putconn(db_conn)
+                except Exception:
+                    try:
+                        db_conn.close()
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+            else:
+                db_conn.close()
 
     @app.errorhandler(GrottiError)
     def grotti_error(err):
-        db = g.get("db")
+        db_conn = g.get("db")
-        if db:
+        if db_conn:
-            db.rollback()
+            try:
+                db_conn.rollback()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
         return jsonify({"error": err.message, "code": err.code}), err.status
 
+    @app.errorhandler(psycopg.Error)
+    def psycopg_error(err):
+        db_conn = g.get("db")
+        if db_conn:
+            try:
+                db_conn.rollback()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        message = "Datenbankfehler."
+        if isinstance(err, psycopg.errors.ForeignKeyViolation):
+            message = "Der Eintrag hängt noch an anderen Daten."
+        elif isinstance(err, psycopg.errors.UniqueViolation):
+            message = "Diesen Eintrag gibt es schon."
+        elif isinstance(err, psycopg.errors.InvalidTextRepresentation):
+            message = "Ungültiger Wert in der Anfrage."
+        print("DB: %s" % err, flush=True)
+        return jsonify({"error": message, "code": "db"}), 500
+
     def body():
         data = request.get_json(silent=True)
         if not isinstance(data, dict):
@@ -334,6 +401,7 @@ def create_app(cfg):
         username = grotti_auth.validate_username(data.get("username") or "")
         password = grotti_auth.validate_password(data.get("password") or "")
         row = store.create_user(conn(), username, grotti_auth.hash_password(password), "admin")
+        grotti_db.invalidate_user_count()
         store.touch_user_login(conn(), row["id"])
         session.clear()
         session["user_id"] = row["id"]
@@ -392,6 +460,7 @@ def create_app(cfg):
         if store.get_user_by_name(conn(), username):
             raise GrottiError("Benutzer gibt es schon.", "user", 409)
         row = store.create_user(conn(), username, grotti_auth.hash_password(password), role)
+        grotti_db.invalidate_user_count()
         audit("auth", "Benutzer %s (%s) angelegt" % (username, role))
         return jsonify(grotti_auth.public_user(row)), 201
 
@@ -779,11 +848,9 @@ def create_app(cfg):
     def printer_create():
         data = body()
         name = (data.get("name") or "").strip()
-        host = (data.get("host") or "").strip()
+        host = validate_printer_host(data.get("host") or "")
         if not name:
             raise GrottiError("Der Drucker braucht einen Namen.", "name")
-        if not host:
-            raise GrottiError("Der Drucker braucht eine IP oder einen Host.", "host")
         family = (data.get("family") or "").strip() or family_from_name(name)
         if family not in PRINTER_FAMILIES:
             raise GrottiError("Unbekannte Druckerfamilie.", "family")
@@ -799,14 +866,12 @@ def create_app(cfg):
             raise GrottiError("Diesen Drucker kennt Grotti nicht.", "drucker", 404)
         name = (data.get("name") if "name" in data else current["name"]) or ""
         name = str(name).strip()
-        host = (data.get("host") if "host" in data else current["host"]) or ""
+        host_raw = (data.get("host") if "host" in data else current["host"]) or ""
-        host = str(host).strip()
+        host = validate_printer_host(str(host_raw).strip())
         family = data.get("family") if "family" in data else current["family"]
         family = (family or "").strip() or family_from_name(name)
         if not name:
             raise GrottiError("Der Drucker braucht einen Namen.", "name")
-        if not host:
-            raise GrottiError("Der Drucker braucht eine IP oder einen Host.", "host")
         if family not in PRINTER_FAMILIES:
             raise GrottiError("Unbekannte Druckerfamilie.", "family")
         other = store.printer_by_host(conn(), host)
@@ -957,6 +1022,15 @@ def create_app(cfg):
         upload = request.files.get("file")
         if not upload or not upload.filename:
             raise GrottiError("Keine Datei angehängt.", "datei")
+        low = upload.filename.lower().replace("\\", "/")
+        base = low.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+        if base in (".", "..") or not base.strip("."):
+            raise GrottiError("Ungültiger Dateiname.", "datei")
+        if not any(base.endswith(suf) for suf in UPLOAD_SUFFIXES):
+            raise GrottiError(
+                "Nur .gcode, .3mf oder .gcode.3mf sind erlaubt.",
+                "datei",
+            )
         project_id = optional_id(request.form.get("project_id"))
         saved = library.save_upload(conn(), upload.filename, upload.read(), cfg, project_id)
         return jsonify(saved), 201